Semyon D. Savransky., Engineering of creativity, 2000 [ ]
p.265
“If a system is hard-to-detect or hard-to-measure at some instant and no substances can be added to an object, then these substances generating easy-to-detect and easy-to-measure field should be added to ambient medium, and the state of the object can be judged from the state of ambient medium” [1].
“If a system is hard-to-detect or hard-to-measure at some instant and no substances can be added to an object, then these [cute little demons] generating easy-to-detect and easy-to-measure field should be added to ambient medium, and the state of the object can be judged from the state of ambient medium”, [because the {cute little demons} are going to generate easy-to-detect and easy-to-measure field, which can be detect and measure from the state of the ambient medium] [1].
• Maxwell's demon, a tiny imp, agents, small smart demon, “small smart people”, “inanimate particles”, “tiny smart particles”, ...
• “small smart people” that could do anything a problem solver needed to do in the problem-to-solution transition.
• During TRIZ classes, Altshuller realized that the weak point of empathy is the strong tendency to reject any action that is unacceptable to the human organism.
• In the Israeli teaching experience, it was found that students did not always use small smart people effectively. It seems that subconsciously some students were reluctant to place these small smart people in situations that would be life threatening to humans, such as in strong acids or extreme fields.
pp.283-284
This chapter discusses a problem-solving based on solving Agents. In contrast to all other TRIZ heuristics, this is the first TRIZ method to have been developed almost independently in numerous countries -- Russia, Israel, and then US. Agents in TRIZ originally were “small smart people” that could do anything a problem solver needed to do in the problem-to-solution transition. They were derived by Altshuller at the end of 1960s from Synectics, the American method of creativity activation. Ten year earlier, William Gordon, the author of Synectics, had suggested using personal analogy or empathy in the solving process [1]. The essence of empathy is that a persons “enters” into the object to be improved and tries to imagine the action required by the problem. During TRIZ classes, Altshuller realized that the weak point of empathy is the strong tendency to reject any action that is unacceptable to the human organism. This drawback is overcome with the help of “small smart people” in modeling [2]. A transition from the “small smart people” to “inanimate particles” was proposed by Solomon D. Tetel'baum about 15 years ago [3], but the idea was not supported by other TRIZniks who often used teams of boys and girls during their lessons. Due to emigration of some TRIZniks from USSR to Israel in the 1980s, this methodology became popular in the Middle East. In the Israeli teaching experience, it was found that students did not always use small smart people effectively. It seems that subconsciously some students were reluctant to place these small smart people in situations that would be life threatening to humans, such as in strong acids or extreme fields. Therefore, Genady Filkovsky, Roni Horowirz, and Jacob Goldenberg from the Open University in Israel replaced small smart people with inanimate particles [4].* This particles method is now used actively in the Israeli derivative of TRIZ simplification named SIT, where it represents almost half of these problem-solving activities [4,5]. However, some of the author's students have argued that they are more easily imagine various actions performed by the “small smart people” than by inanimate particles. This is all a matter of sematics and the term itself is not as important as the method. But we will use the neutral term agents. The experience of Russian, Israeli, and American specialists is summarized and generalized in the Agents Method described in this chapter.
* In general, this idea is not new in problem solving; even the famous antique Greek philosopher Demokrit used small particles for explanation of natural phenomena. The famous physicist James Clerk Maxwell used small demons (human-like beings) for resolution of scientific problems.
( Savransky, Semyon D., Engineering of creativity : introduction to TRIZ methodology of inventive problem solving / by Semyon D. Savransky., 1. engineering--methodology., 2. problem solving--methodology., 3. creative thinking., 4. technological innovations., 2000, pp.283-284 )
____________________________________
Howard Rheingold, Tools for thought, 1985 [ ]
Maxwell's demon
pp.121-122
James Clerk Maxwell, yet another 19th century scientist, proposed a paradox concerning this elusive quality called entropy, which seems to relate such intuitively dissimilar measures as
energy,
information,
order, and
predict ability.
The paradox became in famous among physicists under the name "Maxwell's demon." Consider a container split by a barrier with an opening small enough to pass only one molecule at a time from one side to the other. On one side is a volume of hot gas, in which the average energy of the molecules is higher than the average energy of the molecules in the cold side of the container. According to the second law, the hotter, more active molecules should eventually migrate across to the other side of the container, losing energy in collisions with slower-moving molecules, until both sides reach the same temperature.
What would happen, Maxwell asked, if you could place a tiny imp at the molecular gate, a demon who didn't contribute energy to the system, but who could open and close the gate between the two sides of the container? Now what if the imp decides to only let the occasional slow-moving, colder molecule pass from the hot to the cold side when it randomly approaches the gate? Taken far enough, this policy would mean that the hot side would get hotter and the cold side would get colder, and entropy would decrease instead of increase, without any energy being added to the system!
([
Conversely, what if the imp decides to only let the occasional fast-moving, hotter molecule passes from the cold to the hot side when it randomly approaches the gate? Taken far enough, this policy would mean that the cold side would get colder and the hot side would get hotter, and entropy would decrease instead of increase, without any energy being added to the system!
Moreover, what if both methods is used. By obtaining information of each molecule as it approaches the gate, our all-knowing-imp let the colder molecule passes from hot to the cold side; and let the hotter molecule passes from the cold to the hot side. In this way, the demon is able to add more order (entropy) to the system.
That is one big if, isn't it. Because how does the all-knowing-imp differentiate or get the needed information about the molecule.
])
In 1922, a Hungarian student of physics by the name of Leo Szilard (later to be von Neumann's colleague on the Manhattan Project), then in Berlin (Germany), finally solved the paradox of Maxwell's demon by demonstrating that the demon does indeed contribute energy to the system, but like a good magician, the demon does not expend that energy in its most visible activity -- moving the gate -- but in what it knows about the system. The demon is part of the system, and it has to do some work in order to differentiate the hot and cold molecules at the proper time to open the gate. Simply by obtaining the information about the molecules that it needs to know to operate the gate, the demon adds more entropy (order) to the system than it subtracts.
(Tools for thought : the history and future of mind-expanding technology, Howard Rheingold, 1985, pp.121-122)
____________________________________
p.265
“If a system is hard-to-detect or hard-to-measure at some instant and no substances can be added to an object, then these substances generating easy-to-detect and easy-to-measure field should be added to ambient medium, and the state of the object can be judged from the state of ambient medium” [1].
“If a system is hard-to-detect or hard-to-measure at some instant and no substances can be added to an object, then these [cute little demons] generating easy-to-detect and easy-to-measure field should be added to ambient medium, and the state of the object can be judged from the state of ambient medium”, [because the {cute little demons} are going to generate easy-to-detect and easy-to-measure field, which can be detect and measure from the state of the ambient medium] [1].
• Maxwell's demon, a tiny imp, agents, small smart demon, “small smart people”, “inanimate particles”, “tiny smart particles”, ...
• “small smart people” that could do anything a problem solver needed to do in the problem-to-solution transition.
• During TRIZ classes, Altshuller realized that the weak point of empathy is the strong tendency to reject any action that is unacceptable to the human organism.
• In the Israeli teaching experience, it was found that students did not always use small smart people effectively. It seems that subconsciously some students were reluctant to place these small smart people in situations that would be life threatening to humans, such as in strong acids or extreme fields.
pp.283-284
This chapter discusses a problem-solving based on solving Agents. In contrast to all other TRIZ heuristics, this is the first TRIZ method to have been developed almost independently in numerous countries -- Russia, Israel, and then US. Agents in TRIZ originally were “small smart people” that could do anything a problem solver needed to do in the problem-to-solution transition. They were derived by Altshuller at the end of 1960s from Synectics, the American method of creativity activation. Ten year earlier, William Gordon, the author of Synectics, had suggested using personal analogy or empathy in the solving process [1]. The essence of empathy is that a persons “enters” into the object to be improved and tries to imagine the action required by the problem. During TRIZ classes, Altshuller realized that the weak point of empathy is the strong tendency to reject any action that is unacceptable to the human organism. This drawback is overcome with the help of “small smart people” in modeling [2]. A transition from the “small smart people” to “inanimate particles” was proposed by Solomon D. Tetel'baum about 15 years ago [3], but the idea was not supported by other TRIZniks who often used teams of boys and girls during their lessons. Due to emigration of some TRIZniks from USSR to Israel in the 1980s, this methodology became popular in the Middle East. In the Israeli teaching experience, it was found that students did not always use small smart people effectively. It seems that subconsciously some students were reluctant to place these small smart people in situations that would be life threatening to humans, such as in strong acids or extreme fields. Therefore, Genady Filkovsky, Roni Horowirz, and Jacob Goldenberg from the Open University in Israel replaced small smart people with inanimate particles [4].* This particles method is now used actively in the Israeli derivative of TRIZ simplification named SIT, where it represents almost half of these problem-solving activities [4,5]. However, some of the author's students have argued that they are more easily imagine various actions performed by the “small smart people” than by inanimate particles. This is all a matter of sematics and the term itself is not as important as the method. But we will use the neutral term agents. The experience of Russian, Israeli, and American specialists is summarized and generalized in the Agents Method described in this chapter.
* In general, this idea is not new in problem solving; even the famous antique Greek philosopher Demokrit used small particles for explanation of natural phenomena. The famous physicist James Clerk Maxwell used small demons (human-like beings) for resolution of scientific problems.
( Savransky, Semyon D., Engineering of creativity : introduction to TRIZ methodology of inventive problem solving / by Semyon D. Savransky., 1. engineering--methodology., 2. problem solving--methodology., 3. creative thinking., 4. technological innovations., 2000, pp.283-284 )
____________________________________
Howard Rheingold, Tools for thought, 1985 [ ]
Maxwell's demon
pp.121-122
James Clerk Maxwell, yet another 19th century scientist, proposed a paradox concerning this elusive quality called entropy, which seems to relate such intuitively dissimilar measures as
energy,
information,
order, and
predict ability.
The paradox became in famous among physicists under the name "Maxwell's demon." Consider a container split by a barrier with an opening small enough to pass only one molecule at a time from one side to the other. On one side is a volume of hot gas, in which the average energy of the molecules is higher than the average energy of the molecules in the cold side of the container. According to the second law, the hotter, more active molecules should eventually migrate across to the other side of the container, losing energy in collisions with slower-moving molecules, until both sides reach the same temperature.
What would happen, Maxwell asked, if you could place a tiny imp at the molecular gate, a demon who didn't contribute energy to the system, but who could open and close the gate between the two sides of the container? Now what if the imp decides to only let the occasional slow-moving, colder molecule pass from the hot to the cold side when it randomly approaches the gate? Taken far enough, this policy would mean that the hot side would get hotter and the cold side would get colder, and entropy would decrease instead of increase, without any energy being added to the system!
([
Conversely, what if the imp decides to only let the occasional fast-moving, hotter molecule passes from the cold to the hot side when it randomly approaches the gate? Taken far enough, this policy would mean that the cold side would get colder and the hot side would get hotter, and entropy would decrease instead of increase, without any energy being added to the system!
Moreover, what if both methods is used. By obtaining information of each molecule as it approaches the gate, our all-knowing-imp let the colder molecule passes from hot to the cold side; and let the hotter molecule passes from the cold to the hot side. In this way, the demon is able to add more order (entropy) to the system.
That is one big if, isn't it. Because how does the all-knowing-imp differentiate or get the needed information about the molecule.
])
In 1922, a Hungarian student of physics by the name of Leo Szilard (later to be von Neumann's colleague on the Manhattan Project), then in Berlin (Germany), finally solved the paradox of Maxwell's demon by demonstrating that the demon does indeed contribute energy to the system, but like a good magician, the demon does not expend that energy in its most visible activity -- moving the gate -- but in what it knows about the system. The demon is part of the system, and it has to do some work in order to differentiate the hot and cold molecules at the proper time to open the gate. Simply by obtaining the information about the molecules that it needs to know to operate the gate, the demon adds more entropy (order) to the system than it subtracts.
(Tools for thought : the history and future of mind-expanding technology, Howard Rheingold, 1985, pp.121-122)
____________________________________
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