Thursday, January 23, 2025

ba place space

 Bernie Clark., From the Gita to the Grail : exploring yoga stories & western myths, 2014

p.345
     ... literal definition of dukkha: ka means "space," an empty space such as you would find in the middle of a wheel.  Imagine a chariot wheel with the hole where the axel rod goes perfectly in the center--the ride would be very smooth and pleasant.  This is called sukha--the wheel is perfectly centered.  Sukkha is often translated as "happiness."

     (From the Gita to the Grail : exploring yoga stories & western myths, 
by Bernie Clark, Blue River press, Indianapolis, copyright © 2014, p.345)
   ____________________________________

Hitotsubashi on knowledge management
Hirotaka Takeuchi (and) Ikujiro Nonaka

pp.101—102
BA: a knowledge-creating place

Knowledge needs a physical context for it to be created.  As stated previously, knowledge is context-specific, as it depends on a particular time and space (Hayek, 1945).  Knowledge does not just exist in one's cognition.  Rather, it is created in situated action (Suchman, 1987).  Therefore, the knowledge-creating process is necessarily context-specific in terms of time, space, and relationship with others.  Knowledge cannot be created in a vacuum, and needs a place where information is given meaning through interpretation to become knowledge.
    ... we introduce the concept of "ba" (which roughly means "place").  Building on the concept that was originally proposed by the Japanese philosopher Kitaro Nishida (1921, 1970), we define ba as a shared context in motion, in which knowledge is shared, created, and untilized.
    ... knowledge as "a stream of meaning" emerges (Bohm, 1996).  New knowledge is created from existing knowledge through the change of meanings and contexts.  In this chapter, the conceptualization of ba is extended to cover the interdependent interaction between the agents and structures.
    Although it is easier to consider ba as a physical space such as a meeting room, ba should be understood as 'Interactions' that occur at specific time and space.  Ba can emerge in individuals, working groups, project teams, informal circles, temporary meetings, virtual spaces such as email groups, and at the front-line contact with the customer.  Ba is an existential place where participants share their contexts and create new meanings through interactions.  Participants of ba bring in their own contexts, and through interactions with others and the environment, the contexts of ba, participants, and the environment change (see Figure 4.3).

FIGURE 4.3
Conceptual representation of Ba
(see book for picture drawing)
          Knowledge
          Individual context
              Shared context
                 Existential ba (emotion, recognition, value, action)
                    Physical ba
                     Virtual ba

    (Takeuchi & Nonaka)
(Christina L. Ahmadjian, Satoshi Akutsu, Kazuo Ichijo, Yoko Ishikura, Ken Kusunoki, Ikujiro Nonaka, Emi Osono, Hirotaka Takeuchi, Ryoko Toyama)
(Hirotaka Takeuchi (and) Ikujiro Nonaka, Hitotsubashi on knowledge management, copyright © 2004, HD 30.2.T343 2004, pp.101—102)
   ____________________________________

tao te ching 
by lao tsu

a new translation by  gai-fu feng 
                 and  jane english

eleven

thirty spokes share the wheel's hub;
it is the center hole that makes it useful.
shape clay into a vessel;
it is the space within that makes it useful.
cut doors and windows for a room;
it is the holes which make it useful.
therefore profit comes from what is there;
usefulness from what is not there. 

[[ get the Chinese language version of this ]]
[[ get other translation of the Chinese language ]]
[[ get gutenberg translation ]]
[[ this section should get its own file ]]


https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/216/pg216.txt

11. The thirty spokes unite in the one nave; 
     but it is on the empty space (for the axle), 
     that the use of the wheel depends.  
    Clay is fashioned into vessels; 
     but it is on their empty hollowness, 
     that their use depends.  
    The door and windows are cut out (from the walls) to form an apartment;
     but it is on the empty space (within), 
     that its use depends.  
   Therefore, what has a (positive) existence serves for profitable adaptation, and  what has not that for (actual) usefulness.

https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/216/pg216.txt



https://www.yellowbridge.com/onlinelit/daodejing.php
https://www.yellowbridge.com/onlinelit/daodejing11.php

Legge's Translation
     The Use of What Has No Substantive Existence

The thirty spokes unite in the one nave; but it is on the empty space (for the axle), that the use of the wheel depends. Clay is fashioned into vessels; but it is on their empty hollowness that their use depends. The door and windows are cut out (from the walls) to form an apartment; but it is on the empty space (within), that its use depends.

Therefore, what has a (positive) existence serves for profitable adaptation, and what has not that for (actual) usefulness.


Susuki's Translation
The Function of the Non-Existent

Thirty spokes unite in one nave and on that which is non-existent [on the hole in the nave] depends the wheel's utility. Clay is moulded into a vessel and on that which is non-existent [on its hollowness] depends the vessel's utility. By cutting out doors and windows we build a house and on that which is non-existent [on the empty space within depends the house's utility.

Therefore, existence renders actual but non-existence renders useful.


Goddard's Translation
The Value of Non-Existence

Although the wheel has thirty spokes its utility lies in the emptiness of the hub. The jar is made by kneading clay, but its usefulness consists in its capacity. A room is made by cutting out windows and doors through the walls, but the space the walls contain measures the room's value.

In the same way matter is necessary to form, but the value of reality lies in its immateriality.(Or thus: a material body is necessary to existence, but the value of a life is measured by its immaterial soul.)

https://www.yellowbridge.com/onlinelit/daodejing11.php
https://www.yellowbridge.com/onlinelit/daodejing.php
 
 
 tao te ching online translation
Chinese and English (side-by-side)
 chapter 11

thirty spokes join in one hub
in its emptiness, there is the function of a vehicle
mix clay to create a container
in its emptiness, there is the function of a container
cut open doors and windows to create a room
in its emptiness, there is the function of a room
therefore, that which exists is used to create benefit
that which is empty is used to create functionality

https://taoism.net/tao-te-ching-online-translation/
   ____________________________________

 •─ to make space for each other, 
 •─ the power dynamic isn't necessarily a given but something that is negotiated by two people who make space for each other, even if one person is the breadwinner. 

Anupreeta Das., Billionaire, nerd, savior, king: Bill Gates and his quest to shape our world, [2024]

p.164
French Gates, 2022
psychotherapist Ether Perel's masterclass on relational intelligence.25  It taught her, she said, to think about power and collaboration within a relationship, and that the power dynamic isn't necessarily a given but something that is negotiated by two people who make space for each other, even if one person is the breadwinner. 

p.295
25.  Alexa Mikhail, “Melinda Gates took a Master class on relationships to prepare to date after divorce.  Here are the key pieces of advice”, Fortune, October 15, 2022. 

   ( Das, Anupreeta (journalist), author.
Billionaire, nerd, savior, king: Bill Gates and his quest to shape our world / Anupreeta Das.
[2024]
includes bibliographical references and index.
LCCN (print)
LCCN (ebook)
ISBN (hardcover)
ISBN (trade paperback)
ISBN (ebook)
subjects:  Gates, Bill, 1955─ |
business people ─ united states ─ biography.|
computer scientists ─ united states ─ biography. |
philanthropists ─ united states ─ biography. |
bisac: biography & autobiography / rich & famous |
social science / philanthropy & charity 
classification: 
https://lccn.loc.gov/2024014139
https://lccn.loc.gove/2024014140
                                )
   ____________________________________

https://fortune.com/well/2022/10/15/melinda-gates-took-esther-perel-masterclass-on-relationships-as-she-prepares-to-date/

Melinda French Gates took a MasterClass on relationships to prepare to date after divorce. Here are the key pieces of advice
written BY  Alexa Mikhail
October 15, 2022 at 5:00 AM PDT
Updated November 11, 2022 at 7:38 AM PST


Melinda French Gates is discovering new ways to show up in a relationship.

After being vulnerable about how her public divorce, announced in May 2021, was “unbelievably painful in innumerable ways,” the philanthropist says she’s been thinking more deeply about the kinds of relationships she aspires to have in her future, both professionally and romantically. And to do that, she took a few notes from famed psychotherapist and author Esther Perel, sharing at Fortune’s Most Powerful Women Summit in California in October that she had just completed the relationship expert’s MasterClass on relational intelligence. 

“One of the things [Perel] talks about is power,” French Gates said at the summit. “I both have a relationship with my former husband at work, and hopefully eventually I’ll have a relationship personally with somebody outside of work, but we have to think about power inside of a relationship and how do you share that and share that collaboratively.”

In her MasterClass, Perel underscores that power—“intrinsic in all relationships”—isn’t something you have to give away but rather is something you can share and build on together with a partner. 

Here are some of the key takeaways from Perel’s class on how to create and maintain healthy relationships in every aspect of your life: 

Establish shared power in a relationship   

“The question always is, is it power ‘over’ or is it power ‘to,’” Perel says in her class, explaining that the latter can be “inviting,” “collaborative,” and “active.” Contrary to popular belief, we don’t fall into power positions in interpersonal relationships—and Perel challenges the idea that the breadwinner automatically holds the power. But what power can look like is the person who may have more resources at the moment making space for the other partner to spend more time caring for an aging parent, for example, or take a class they have always wanted to attend, which can help establish shared power and weaken a perceived power imbalance.

Once seen as fixed in interpersonal relationships, power instead is fluid and something worth negotiating, Perel says.

“The main question is not do I have power, but do I have agency?” says Perel in her class. “Can I take certain steps separately from what you are doing to me or to us?” 

People have agency regardless of money, or being the decision-maker or assertive one. Power evolves, and once we understand how, it’s more clear that it can come from the bottom or the top whether it be at work or in personal relationships, Perel explains in her class. 

Having power—or I suppose agency—serves as an opportunity to uplift a partner rather than assert dominance over them. 

Take risks with a partner to build trust 

Some people need to trust someone before ever taking a risk with a partner, but Perel says taking a risk may also help build that trust. 

Try taking a “micro risk,” Perel suggests, by doing something novel in your relationship. It might look like sharing something new with a partner, and saying no or even saying yes to something you wouldn’t normally. This practice can help build trust over time and encourage more risk-taking behaviors. 

Feeling the betrayal of trust breaking is a common human experience, but these “ruptures,” as Perel puts it, can be mended, like how a plate can shatter but get put back together even if the cracks make it look different. The plate’s iterations matter. 

Understand your biases 

Whether we like it or not, sometimes we assume someone will act a certain way, even betray us, before we really give them the chance to prove otherwise. Many people enter relationships with the expectations of what will be, and this can inhibit the ability to empathize, set boundaries, and understand one’s role with a partner. Combat this by being curious or asking questions to understand where someone else is coming from, Perel says in her class. If one partner grew up as an only child and the other as the oldest of four siblings, the roles assumed as an adult and in future relationships stem from fundamentally different perspectives. It’s the “context” that matters, Perel says. 

Show up with self-awareness 

It’s a fallacy to believe you walk into a new relationship with a clean slate—as much as we may wish to. Everything that we go through builds on itself to shape how we show up in a new relationship, and therefore, self-awareness is the first building block to developing relational intelligence.

Developing a self-awareness in the context of our so-called unofficial résumé—or relationship history—brings vulnerability to the forefront and paves the way for a more authentic connection. 

“Whether you have had a focus that emphasizes autonomy and self-reliance, or whether you grew up with a focus that emphasizes loyalty and interdependence. That unofficial résumé is our story, and stories are what bind us to people. That’s the bridge,” Perel noted during the Fortune summit. 

This type of reflection can broaden our perspective and make it easier to discern our strengths and weaknesses when we enter a relationship; the awareness can also help us let go of some of the “stories” or assumptions we tell about ourselves that have been constricting our ability to grow in a relationship. 

Once viewed as subordinate to other foundational skills, emotional and relational intelligence now feels imperative to having success with others, especially in a world fundamentally changed by the technological landscape that can mask emotions in others that were once so easily observable. 

And when French Gates was asked how cochairing a multibillion-dollar foundation with her ex-husband “is going” at the summit, she noted that her focus also lies in sharing her unofficial résumé.

“I think what it has taught me is something I had always longed to do, which is to be my most authentic self in every place I show up,” French Gates said.
   ____________________________________

he [Gadamer] is concerned with figuring out the meaning of understanding
what is it, what do we mean when we say or what can we mean 
the range of meanings we can have when we talk about understanding something
understanding a person,
understanding a piece of religious artifact,  
understanding a movie, 
understanding a piece of art, 
understanding a text, 
and kind of understanding that a scientist has after they interpreted 
some scientific results 
what he tries to do is open up 
have a picture, have a concept of understanding that is big enough
that doesn't dismiss Natural Sciences
doesn't distort our concept of human sciences
  ...
he [Gadamer] puts forward four key concepts that come from the humanist tradition
these four concepts are the 
concept of common sense or senses ... 
concept of ...  (cultivation), translated to education or formation 
judgement and
taste 

https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Truth_and_Method
  concept of  Bildung (culture)
  concept of  Sensus communis
  concept of  Judgement
  concept of  Taste
https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Truth_and_Method
  ...
common sense comes from belonging to a community, 
acting appropriately in a community, 
knowing how to act appropriately in a community without
always being able to explain why
being able to explain all the rule

common sense as social sense

bildung - a process of opening up a space, go into that space, and come back
so for example, you learn to read ancient philosophical text
you learn drawing, you learn oil painting or
you learn to play an instrument
you learn to play tennis or rock climbing
everyone of these things involve bildung
it involves opening up a space, where you go to that activity,
you do something that is specific special to that space, 
 to that activity, and then you come back from it 
so somebody who has gone through a bildung has  wide space of available
positions where he or she can go to them and come back, 
each position involves transcending initial prejudices 
the limits of this person's prejudice
subjective prejudices
possibly reaching a view point that is more universal
is more general 
is more available to a wider group of people


source:
        10:03
        Gadamer's Truth & Method
         https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKapfppUosw
         https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKapfppUosw
Davood Gozli
  Feb 13, 2020
This video is about Hans-Georg Gadamer and his book, Truth & Method. I begin by comparing the difference between secondary sources about Gadamer and a direct engagement with Gadamer's text. The text itself is rich, stimulating, and evokes the image of an author as someone who is himself intensely studying the history of ideas, the humanist tradition, and the nature of understanding. Moreover, I discuss the four core concepts, which according to Gadamer, are at the core of the humanist tradition: Bildung, Sensus Communis, Judgment, and Taste.
   ____________________________________

‘’•─“”
<------------------------------------------------------------------------>
πόλλ' οἶδ' ἀλώπηξ,ἀλλ' ἐχῖνος ἓν μέγα πόλλ' οἶδ' ἀλώπηξ,ἀλλ' ἐχῖνος ἓν μέγα
   ____________________________________
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      ──From a Declaration of Principles jointly adopted by a Committee of the American Bar Association and a Committee of Publishers and Associations
     (Ackoff's best : his classic writings on management, Russell L. Ackoff., © 1999, hardcover, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p.139)

   “This [copy & paste reference note] is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is [archive] with the understanding that the [researcher, investigator] is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought.”
      ──From a Declaration of Principles jointly adopted by a Committee of the American Bar Association and a Committee of Publishers and Associations
--
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in, or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior permission of the publisher.  

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NOTICE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C., section 107, some material is provided without permission from the copyright owner, only for purposes of criticism, comment, scholarship and research under the "fair use" provisions of federal copyright laws. These materials may not be distributed further, except for "fair use," without permission of the copyright owner. For more information go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml

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failure to see the world as humanly made (reification)

      •   “The failure to see the world as humanly made is 
          called reification, which can also be defined 
          as the tendency to see the humanly made world 
          as having a will and force of its own, apart 
          from human beings.   ...   But if we talk about 
          technology as if it were a force in its own 
          right, the people who do the building and 
          choosing disappear.   ...   Reification keeps 
          us from seeing that the force attributed to 
          technology comes from PEOPLE choosing to do 
          things together in certain ways.  
          If we don't see this, we may forget to ask 
          important questions, such as, Who is choosing 
          to build what kinds of devices?  Why?  
          How will our society be changed?  
          Who stands to benefit and who stands to lose 
          because of these changes?  Should we avoid 
          these changes?  Who will be held accountable 
          if these changes hurt people?”; pp.21-23, 
          Michael Schwalbe, The sociologically examined life, 1998.   
<------------------------------------------------------------------------>
reify [< L. res, thing (see REAL) + FY] to treat (an abstraction) as substantially existing, or as a concrete material object--reification n.

Alfred Korzybski's work maintained that human beings are limited in what they know by 
     (1) the structure of their nervous systems, and 
     (2) the structure of their languages. 

[pp.21-23]
It is not easy to become and remain mindful of the social world as humanly made.  For many reason the social world seems to be "just there," as if no one were responsible for making it.  So what?  What difference does it make if we forget that the social world is a human invention?  The difference it makes is like that between using one's tools with an awareness of what they are good for and letting those tools--as if they had minds and will of their own--take charge.
    The failure to see the world as humanly made is called reification, which can also be defined as the tendency to see the humanly made world as having a will and force of its own, apart from human beings.  For example, someone might say, “Computer technology is the major force behind changes in our economy today.”  In this statement, computer technology is reified because it is spoken of as having a will of its own, independent of human beings.  It is technology that appears to make things happen.
    "Computer technology," however, is only metal and plastic.  People forge these materials, turn them into computers and other devices, and then decide how to put such tools to work.  All along the way there are people who choose what to build and how to use the results.  But if we talk about technology as if it were a force in its own right, the people who do the building and choosing disappear.  It thus seems as if technology is like gravity or the wind--a natural force about which we can do nothing.
    Reification keeps us from seeing that the force attributed to technology comes from PEOPLE choosing to do things together in certain ways.  If we don't see this, we may forget to ask important questions, such as, Who is choosing to build what kinds of devices?  Why?  How will our society be changed?  Who stands to benefit and who stands to lose because of these changes?  Should we avoid these changes?  Who will be held accountable if these changes hurt people?  Should we decide to use technology in some other ways?
    Here is another example of reification: “The market responded with enthusiasm to today's rise in interest rates, although economists predict that this could have unfavorable consequences for employment.”  You've probably heard this kind of statement before.  It sounds like a report about a flood or some other natural disaster.  Yet a market is just a lot people doing things together in a certain way; interest rates established by people; and employment results from choices by employers.  Reification makes these people and their choices disappear.
    In a large complex society the tendency to reify is strong because it can be hard to see where, how, and by whom decisions are made.  And so it is easier to say that technology, the market or a mysterious THEY is making things happen.  Even people who ought to know better get caught up in this.  When sociologists say things like “Trends in inner-city industrial development are causing changes in family structure,” they too are guilty of reification.  Such language again makes it seem as if no one is responsible for choosing to act in a way that hurts or helps others.
    Reification thus keeps us from seeing who is doing what to whom, and how, such that certain consequences arise.  This makes it hard to hold anyone accountable for the good or bad results arising from their actions.  Usually it is powerful people whose actions are hidden and who get off the hook.
    Reification can also make us feel powerless because the social world comes to seem like a place that is beyond human control.  If we attribute independent force to abstractions such as "technology," "the market," "government," "trends," "social structure," or "society," then it can seem pointless even to try to intervene and make things happen differently.  We might as well try to stop the tides.  People who think this way are likely to remain passive even when they see others being put out of work, living in poverty, or caught up in war, because they will feel that nothing can be done.
    When we reify the social world we are confusing its reality with that of stars and trees and bacteria.  These things indeed exist (as material entities) independent of human ideas and action.  But no part of the social world does.  To reify is to forget this; it is to forget to be mindful of the social world as a humanly made place.  As a result, we forget that it is within our collective power to re-create the world in a better way.  If we are sociologically mindful, we recognize that the social world as it now exists is just one of many possibilities.
“”
(Schwalbe, Michael, 1956-, The sociologically examined life: pieces of the conversation, copyright © 2008, 2005, 2001, 1998)
(The sociologically examined life: pieces of the conversation / Michael Schwalbe.--4th ed., 1. sociology--methodology., 2. sociology--philosophy., pp.21-23 )
   ____________________________________

From 
        Evolving Reactions: 60 Years with March and Simon’s
‘Organizations’
written by Karl E. Weick, University of Michigan
Journal of Management Studies

   ...  ...  ... 
   ...  ...  ... 
   ...  ...  ... 

‘when nouns begin to live their own lives, separated and disconnected from the process that created them. . . (But) nounmaking is an indispensable ingredient for coming to grips with processes, the point being that we make nouns from processes in order to make sense of processes. . . we freeze processes into entities, precisely in order to make sense of the fluid, “real” world’ (Bakken and Hernes, 2006, pp. 1601–2).


REIFICATION

My favourite sentence in the M&S book is this one: ‘The reification of the organization’s conceptual scheme is particularly noticeable in uncertainty absorption’ (p. 165). 
Here’s why that’s my favourite. It is a compact description of a cognitive perspective on organizational life. Perceptions are edited into concepts. Concepts edit perceptions. Organizations attempt to constrain decision-making by valuing a handful of concepts (conceptual
scheme); by socializing employees to see the world as embodied in those concepts (reification); and by relying on those reifications to absorb uncertainties for people facing flux

[[ absorptive capacity, defined as the ability of organization to incorporate external knowledge (Cohen and Levinthal 1990).  
   ability to interpret, apply, and build on this information
ability to convert available external information into internal knowledge. 
   conditions that facilitate or impede knowledge transfer (knowledge transfer is a form of learning)
   source:
          A Behavioral Theory of the Firm —40 Years and Counting: Introduction and
Impact

written by Linda Argote
and
written by Henrich R. Greve

 Key words: behavioral theory; bounded rationality; search; aspiration levels; organizational learning; routines; innovation
Organization Science
Vol. 18, No. 3, May–June 2007, pp. 337–349
   ]]


K. E. Weick

Evolving Reactions: 60 years with ‘Organizations’

on behalf of the organization. In the basic M&S argument, inferences are drawn from evidence and the inferences rather than the evidence itself are communicated.
     What gets communicated by ongoing reification may seem stable but it is dangerous and can lead to what James (1987) called ‘vicious abstractions’. ‘We conceive a concrete situation by singling out some salient or important feature in it, and classing it under that; then, instead of adding to its previous characters all the positive consequences which the new way of conceiving it may bring, we proceed to use our concept privatively; reducing the originally rich phenomenon to the naked suggestions of that name abstractly taken, treating it as a case of “nothing but” that concept, and acting as if all the other characters from out of which the concept is abstracted were expunged.  Abstraction, functioning in this way, becomes a means of arrest far more than a means of advance in thought’ (p. 951).  It is these ‘means of arrest’ that establish the stability of organizations but in doing so foreshadow the organization’s diminished adaptation and accelerated decline.
     M&S echo James’s commentary when they observe that the technical vocabulary and classification schemes in an organization provide a set of concepts that can be used in analysing and communicating about its problems. ‘Anything that is easily described and discussed in terms of these concepts can be communicated readily in the organization: anything that does not fit the system of concepts is communicated only with difficulty, hence, the world tends to be perceived by the organization members in terms of the particular concepts that are reflected in the organization’s vocabulary.  The particular categories and schemes of classification it employs are reified, and become for members of the organization attributes of the world rather than mere conventions’ (pp. 164–5).
     In an effort to call attention to reification and reduce it, I naively counselled theorists to ‘stamp out nouns’ (Weick, 1979, p. 44). I wanted descriptions that were more attuned to impermanence and to process, flows, reaccomplishment, and emergence. Misplaced concreteness was the villain. Bakken and Hernes (2006), however, disagreed and returned more to the spirit of M&S by virtue of their close reading of Whitehead.  True, there is a danger of misplaced concreteness ‘when nouns begin to live their own lives, separated and disconnected from the process that created them. . . (But) nounmaking is an indispensable ingredient for coming to grips with processes, the point being that we make nouns from processes in order to make sense of processes. . . we freeze processes into entities, precisely in order to make sense of the fluid, “real” world’ (Bakken and Hernes, 2006, pp. 1601–2).


source:
        Evolving Reactions: 60 Years with March and Simon’s
‘Organizations’
written by Karl E. Weick, University of Michigan
Journal of Management Studies
doi: 10.1111/joms.12289
56:8 December 2019

<------------------------------------------------------------------------>

Tuesday, December 10, 2024

learning (kolb)

 David A. Kolb, Experiential Learning, 1984                      [ ]

p.35
     In experiential learning theory, the transactional relationship between the person and the environment is symbolized in the dual meanings of the term experience — one subjective and personal, referring to the person's internal state, as in the "the experience of joy and happiness," and the other objective and environmental, as in, "He has 20 years of experience on this job."  These two forms of experience interpenetrate and interrelate in very complex ways, as, for example, in the old saw, "He doesn't have 20 years experience, but one year repeated 20 times."  Dewey describes the matter this way:

—<begin citation, John Dewey>

                Experience does not go on simply inside a person.  It does go on there, for it influences the formation of attitudes of desire and purpose.  But this is not the whole of the story.  Every genuine experience has an active side which changes in some degree the objective conditions under which experiences are had.  The difference between civilization and savagery, to take an example on a large scale, is found in the degree in which previous experiences have changed the objective conditions under which subsequent experiences take place.  The existence of roads, of means of rapid movement and transportation, tools, implements, furniture, electric light and power, are illustrations.  Destroy the external conditions of present civilized experience, and for a time our experience would relapse into that of barbaric peoples . . . .
                The word "interaction" assigns equal rights to both factors in experience — objective and internal conditions.  Any normal experience is an interplay of these two sets of conditions.  Taken together . . . they form what we call a situation.
                The statement that individuals live in a world means, in the concrete, that they live in a series of situations.  And when it it said that they live in these situations, the meaning of the word "in" is different from its meaning when it is said that pennies are "in" a pocket or paint is "in" a can.  It means, once more, that interaction is going on between an individual and objects and other persons.  The conceptions of situation and of interaction are inseparable from each other.  An experience is always what it is because of a transaction taking place between an individual and what, at the time, constitutes his environment, whether the latter consists of persons with whom he is talking about some topic or event, the subject talked about being also a part of the situation; the book he is reading (in which his environing conditions at the time may be England or ancient Greece or an imaginary region); or the materials of an experiment he is performing.  The environment, in other words, is whatever conditions interact with personal needs, desires, purposes, and capacities to create the experience which is had.  Even when a person builds a castle in the air he is interacting with the objects which he constructs in fancy. [Dewey, 1938, p. 39, 43-43]

——<end citation, John Dewey>

     (David A. Kolb, 1984, Experiential Learning : experience as the source of learning and development, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.)
(Chapter Two, The process of experiential learning, p.35)
   ____________________________________

Daniel Ellsberg, Secrets : a memoir of vietnam and the pentagon papers, 2002 

pp.185─186 
; an operation eight months later in the same paddies that was not even aware American troops had ever visited them before.  AS Tran Ngoc Chau said to me in 1968, “You Americans feel you have been fighting this was for seven years. You have not. You have been fighting it for one year, seven times.”

p.347
   I said that I thought strongly that he should, at least to read the summaries, which were only a few single-spaced pages at the start of each volume.  He could have an assistant read the texts and pick out passages that seemed especially pertinent.  But the summaries alone added up to about sixty pages.  “They make a very readable story.  You really should make the effort.”
   “But do we really have anything to learn from this study?”

p.347
Yet in fact each administration, including this one, repeated the same patterns in decision making and pretty much the same (hopeless) policy as its predecessor, without even knowing it.  

p.134
   Along the road was an unusual succession of abandoned the fortifications, of varying constructions, that dated from different periods successively further back in time.  There were recent Popular Force outposts.  WE had supplied the wages for the local militia that had built them and the cement, if there was any.  But basically these were mud forts, very primitive little outposts along the road supposedly to protect local hamlets.  They had been recently abandoned because of the regional nonviolent uprising against the Saigon regime, which had been paying the troops out of the U.S. aid.  Posts like these I'd seen all over Vietnam. 
   But next to one of them was a pill box of another kind, better constructed and made out of concrete, a cylindrical box with narrow portholes.  The interpreter driving with me, a young Vietnamese lieutenant, explained that this had been built by the French.  I recognized that it looked like one of the smaller pillboxes I had seen in pictures of the French Maginot Line at the outset of the German invasion of France.  We drove by several of those.  Most were from the 1946─54 war by France  to regain its colony, during which it had run a pacification program very similar to ours.  But some of them, the lieutenant pointed out, went back much earlier, to the twenties and thirties (when the Maginot Line had been built) and even much earlier in the French pacification of Vietnam. 
   In the midsts of these, along the road, were some pillboxes of a distinctly different sort, also concrete but rounded, like ovens.  I recognized those from pictures of the Pacific island fighting by the marines in World war II.  They were Japanese, built when the Japanese had pacified  the area of what was now I Corps in their occupation of Vietnam during the war.  Finally, we came to a massive knoll, overgrown with grass and studded with very old stones.  I was told it was an ancient Chinese fort, constructed when the Chinese had pacified Vietnam, starting with what was now I Corps, over a period of a thousand years.  When the interpreter told me that, I was reminded of that Tran Ngoc Chau had once  said to me:  “You must understand that we are a people who think of ourselves as having defeated the Chinese though it took us a thousand years.”
─“”

   (Secrets : a memoir of vietnam and the pentagon papers / daniel ellsberg., 1. vietnamese conflict, 1961─1975──unitd states., 2. pentagon papers., 3. ellsberg, daniel., DS558 .E44 2002, 959.704'3373──dc21, 2002, )
   ____________________________________

growing degree days (GDDs)

 
Keith Stewart., Storey's guide to growing organic vegetable & herbs for market, [2013]

pp.78─79
   I learned the importances of day length the hard way with my broccoli crop.  In my early days of farming, it took me a few years to figure out why I couldn't get decent heads of broccoli in fall.  Invariably, they would be only 2 or 3 inches in diameter by November, when damaging frosts are likely to occur.  I gave the plants more fertilizer and more generous spacing, but these measures didn't help much.
   My mistake, in turned out, was to assume that the “days to harvest” numbers given in the seed catalogs were reliable throughout the growing season.  Indeed, they were fairly accurate if we seeded broccoli in spring and allowed it to enjoy the longer growing days.  But eventually, it became clear to me that to get decent heads of broccoli in fall, it was necesssary to give the plants at least another month of growing time. 
─“”

p.79
Growing degree days

Aside from a simple visual inspectin, one way to gauge when a specific crop should be ready for harvest is to keep track of growing degree days (GDDs), which are a culmulative measure of warmth over time.  In most parts of North America, GDDs (they are really units rather than actual days) occur when the average temperature for the day is above 50 degree F (10 degree C).  For example, if the high temperature on May 15 was 78 degree F and the low 42 degree F, the average for the day would be 60 degree F.

   (78 + 42) / 2 = 60
   Since 60 degree F is 10 degrees above the baseline of 50 degree F, we have an accumulation of 10 GDDs.  Average daily temperatures below 50 degree F are ignored, rather than subtracted from the running total.  (Depending on their locatin and subject of study, scientists might use a GDD baseline that is above or below 50 degree F.)
   Because plant growth and development are strongly influenced by the amount of warmth that is accumulated over time, the total GDDs accrued during a given period can be used to determine when a specific crop should be mature and ready for harvest.  GDDs are an aspect of the very interesting science of phenology ── the study of how climatic and cyclic phenomena influence plant and animal growth and behavior. 
   A farmer might use GDDs to predict other phenological cycles, such as when certain insect pests will emerge from dormancy and become active.  This method of keeping track of accumulated warmth is a more reliable indicator of plant growth and other cyclic events in nature than the calendar method, which provides dates based only on the historical record for a given area.  Various websites keep track of GDDs for different North American regions and locales.  Just type  “growing degree days”  in your web browser to learn more. 
─“”
   ( Storey's guide to growing organic vegetable & herbs for market / by Keith Stewart.
Guide to growing organic vegetables & herbs for market
Growing organic vegetables and herbs for market
includes index.
1. organic gardening.
2. farmers' markets.
3. vegetables──organic farming.
4. herbs──organic farming.
SB453.5.S84  2013
631.584──dc23
             )
·‘’•─“”
<------------------------------------------------------------------------>
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   ____________________________________
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     (Ackoff's best : his classic writings on management, Russell L. Ackoff., © 1999, hardcover, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p.139)

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All right reserved.  No part of this book may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages or reproduce illustrations in a review with appropriate credits nor may any part of this book be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means ── electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other ── without written permission from the publisher. 
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Saturday, December 7, 2024

what is it?

 It is a great deal more valued than money.
It is the  inexplicable  raw material of everything.
With it, all is possible; with out it, nothing is possible. 
The supply of it, though regular, is restricted. 
It is truly a daily miracle.
You wake up in the morning, and your purse is magically filled.
It is the unmanufactured commodity of life!
Many have tried to manufactured more of it; none has been successful. 
It is the most precious of possessions.
No one can take it from you.
It is unsteal able.
No one receives more or less than you receive.
An ideal democracy!
No aristocracy of wealth, no aristocracy of intellect.
A genius or a knave receives the same allotment daily. 
Never shall you have any more of it.    
Waste this infinitely precious commodity as much as you will, 
and the supply will never be withheld from you.
And there is no punishment. 
It is as certain as the rising and setting of the Sun.
You can not withdraw from its future.
It is impossible to get into debt!
It can not be put away in a saving account
or a piggy bank. 
You can only waste it in the passing of moment.
Its right use, its most effective use, 
is a matter of the highest urgency.
Out of it you have health, pleasure, money, content, respect, 
and the evolution of your immortal soul. 
Your happiness depends on it.
If you have not guess the answer by now, 
What is it? 






















answer:  time, day, today, 24 hours
the answer is  today, new day, or 24 hours would have the best fit to the riddle 
The statement:  You wake up in the morning, and your purse is magically filled.
For most people, you go to bed to sleep, rest and recovery, and each day when you get out of bed and wake up, you get a brand new day.  So today, or The day would fit.  
24 hours solar cycle, solar cycle, one rotation of the Earth on its axis

source: 
        How to Live on Twenty-Four Hours a Day 
        by Arnold Bennett
   ____________________________________


Kondratieff, Nikolai (55-59 years +-2)


[[ this section of the TEXT is here because, it was from reading Kevin Kelly, out of control, [1994] that I got the lead (source) to:
                                                        p.367
                      Theodore Modis, 1992 book, Predictions
                     Invariants, Growth Curves, Cyclic Waves
                                       ]]

Kevin Kelly, out of control, 1994

p.364
The simulation system was not classified; the results were published in the open literature.

p.364
U.S. Military Central Command in Florida
I find the predictive scenarios spooky, strange, and instructional rather than diabolical.

p.364
Wargaming Center, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama
Global Game room, Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island
“sand box” table set-ups, Army's Combat Concepts Agency, Leavenworth, Kansas
TACWAR, JESS, RSAC, SAGA

p.364
Gary Ware, an officer at Central Command
a small cell of military futurists
The simulation was code-named Operation Internal Look.

p.365
TACWAR, the main computerized war-gaming simulator

p.365
Ware's simulation forecast a fairly brief 30-day war if anything this unlikely should occur.

p.365
At first, the upper echelons of the Pentagon had no idea they already owned a fully operational, data-saturated simulation of the war. Turn the key and it would run endless what-ifs of possible battles in that zone. When word of the prescient simulation surfaced, Ware came out smelling like roses. He [Gary Ware] admitted that “If we had to start from scratch at the time of the invasion we would have never caught up.”

p.365
In the future, standard army-issue preparedness may demand having a parallel universe of possible wars spinning in a box at the command center, ready to go.

p.365
By running those simulations in many directions the team quickly learned that airpower would be the decisive key in this war. Further refined iterations clearly showed the war gamers that if airpower was successful, the U.S. would be successful.

p.365
This confidence led to the heavy air campaign.

p.366
tomorrow will be mostly like today

p.367
Theodore Modis, 1992 book, Predictions
Invariants, Growth Curves, Cyclic Waves

p.367
cooking, traveling, cleaning
If new activities (say airplane flight instead of walking) are reformulated into elemental dimensions for analysis (how much time is spent in daily moving), the new behaviors often exhibit a continuous pattern with the odd that can be extrapolated (and predicted) into the future. Instead of walking a half hour to work, you now drive a half hour to work. In the future, you may fly a half hour to work.

p.367
Tracing an invariant optimization point can often alert us to a clean pocket of predictability.

p.367
Among them are a lifespan that can be plotted as an S-shaped curve: slow birth, steep growth, slow decline.

p.368
Modis is intrigued by the 56-years economic cycles discovered by economist N. D. Kondratieff.

   (Kevin Kelly, out of control, 1994, filename: ooc-mf.pdf  )
   ____________________________________

Braudel
The Perspective of the World
Civilization & Capitalism
   15th - 18th Century
        Volume 3

Fernand Braudel [Civilisation matérielle, économie et capitalisme], 1992    [ ]

  p.613
On the other hand, the graphs quite emphatically concur about the Kondratieff cycle which follows: it begins in 1791, peaks in 1812 and reaches its lowest point in 1851. [takes about 19 years to peak, and about 40 years reach the lowest point, 19 + 40 = 59 years Kondratieff cycle]
   We may conclude that the British industrial revolution experienced two movement, roughly between 1781 and 1815, a first and second wind so to speak, the first a rather difficult period, the second easier. In very broad terms, this was also the rhythm experienced by France and the rest of the continent.

p.613
England, like France, was paying the price for the fantastic efforts and money expended on the American war.

p.613
   As a rule the result of an abnormally long depression acts as a severe test of business concerns, in which those which adapt and stand up to attack will survive, while those too weak to survive go to the wall. It was England's good fortune to have entered these rough waters just as the 'second generation' of invention was coming into being: the spinning jenny (1768); the water-powered frame (1769); the powered drill (1775); the rotary steam-engine (1776-81); iron puddling (1784); the first usable threshing machine (1786); the perfected form of the lathe (1794) - cumulatively a huge technical investment paving the way for recovery.
   In 1791, the skies cleared: prices rose, business picked up, there was a greater division of labour, resulting in greater productivity.

p.614
This is quite a conclusive graph, since it shows over a period of centuries the regular correlation between price rises and the fall in real wages: rising prices seem to produce an increase in output and a rise in population - interrelated phenomenona, causally linked - but wages invariably fall; under the conditions of the ancien régime, progress was always at the expense of the living standards of the workers. And this rule, which is indeed the unmistakable sign of the ancien régime, can still be seen at work, according to the Brown-Hopkins figures, between 1760 and 1810-20, with wages hitting their lowest levels in about the 1800s, just as the graph for the economic situation in general is moving towards its highest point.264  When the wages situation improved after 1820, as prices fell, it was simply that the old rules were asserting themselves. The real miracle, the real change did not happen until the beginning of the next Kondratieff cycle, after about 1850 (another key date both in Britain and on the continent). This time when prices moved up, wages kept pace; continuous growth had at last appeared.

p.614
... which combined the catastrophic effects of wretched housing, unhealthy and even contaminated food (for lack of sufficient means of transport), with the social upheaval which tore individuals away from their family roots and the resources of the village community.

p.614
   'Two generations were sacrificed to the creation of an industrial base.'

p.615
French commander and mestre-de-camp Pillet
In Glasgow in 1812, he observed271 that 'the wages of the cotton workers ... are no more than a quarter what they were 19 years ago, although everything has doubled in price in the meantime'.

p.615
   Many historians do not wish to face up to this disturbing fact. They simply refuse to admit it. One will argue that there is no precise or satisfactory method of measuring living standards. Another will say that the situation of the working class was worse or at any rate no better, before the first examples of mechanization. A third says he does not believe that prices ever fell between 1790 and 1830. But what prices are we talking about - nominal or real prices?


p.611
When describing a conjunctural crisis in the economy, I have on the contrary stressed that it does not and cannot have the same impact on the strong and the weak (for instance on Italy and Holland in the 17th century); consequently that it is the occasion of a redistribution of functions and of international economic relations, usually ending up by making the strong stronger and the weak weaker. This is why I do not agree with the argument used by Peter Mathias261 to deny the role played, between 1873 and 1896, by the downward curve of a Kondratieff cycle and its responsibility for the 'Great Depression' which affected England during these years.

p.611
And it is the way the graphs all dip together, whatever the actual price level in each country, which is the surprising but undeniable thing about this crisis.
    What was obvious in the 19th century and is even more obvious in the world today, namely an economic trend affecting huge areas in a similar way and at very much the same time, can already be detected in the 18th century or even earlier.


p.72
The classic example of the Labrousse is the intercycle which brought depression and stagnation to France between 1778 and 1791 on the eve of the Revolution, which it must surely have helped to unleash. The hypercycle or Kuznets, a double Juglar, lasts about 20 years, while a Kondratieff117 spreads over a half-century or more (50+ years): one Kondratieff began in 1791, reached its peak in 1817 and then went downhill until 1851, lasting almost until the Second Empire in France (1852-1870). The longest cycle of all is the secular trend - which has been very little studied in fact, and to which I shall shortly be returning.

p.73
Were there such things as Kondratieffs before 1791 for instance? One historian would reply a little maliciously that if one goes looking for any kind of cycle before 19th century, one is virtually certain to find it.118  His warning is useful so long as it does not obsure the importance of what is at issue. If today's cycles do in fact have some resemblance to those of the past, that indicates that there is a certain continuity between ancien régime and modern economies: rules similar to those governing our present experience may have operated in the past. And if the range of fluctuations turns out to be different, if they bear some other kind of relationship to each other, then it may be possible to detect a significant evolution. I do not therefore think that the Kitchin cycles Pierre Chaunu has detected in the trade of Seville in the 16th century are a mere detail of no consequence,119 nor that the series of Kondratieffs in the history of cereal and bread prices in Cologne between 1368 and 1797 120 have nothing important to tell us about this primordial question of continuity.

p.76
The secular trend seems like a baseline from which prices as a whole take off. If the baseline moves slightly up and down or remains steady, who is going to take much notice, when all the other price movements, those of the short term, superimpose on this base their much more erratic developments, their abrupt rises and falls? The secular trend is sometimes regarded as what is left when all the surface movements have been smoothed out by calculation.

p.80
Kondratieff cycles and the secular trend

p.82
And how is one to explain other types of cycle, not only those of price history but those concerning industrial production (see Hoffman's curves) or the Brazilian gold cycle in the 18th century, or the 200-year Mexican silver cycle (1696-1900), or the fluctuations of the traffic in the port of Seville in the days when it commanded the entire economy of the Atlantic?

    (The perspective of the world, 1992, 909.08 Braudel, )
    (Fernand Braudel [Civilisation matérielle, économie et capitalisme. English], civilization and capitalism, 15th - 18th century, volume III, the perspective of the world, translation from the French, by Siân Reynolds, 909.08 Braudel, [p.82, pp.86-87, p.613]  )
    (Braudel, Fernand. [Civilisation matérielle, économie et capitalisme. English], Civilization and capitalism, 15th - 18th century / Fernand Braudel --1st University of California Press ed., Translation of : Civilisation matérielle, économie et capitalisme.', 1. economic history., 2. social history - modern, 1500 -, 3. civilization, modern - history, English translation © 1984, translation from the French by Siân Reynolds, 1992, )

English translation copyright © 1984 by William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. and Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc.
   ____________________________________

Peter F. Drucker, Innovation and entrepreneurship, 1984       

p.4
   The Russian economist Nikolai Kondratieff was executed on Stalin's orders in the mid-1930s because his econometric model predicted, accurately as it turned out, that collectivization of Russian agriculture would lead to a sharp decline in farm production. The “50-year Kondratieff cycle” was based on the inherent dynamics of technology. Every 40 years, so Kondratieff asserted, a long technological wave crests. For the last 20 years of this cycle, the growth industries of the last technological advance seem to be doing exceptional well. But what look like record profits are actually repayment of capital which is no longer needed in industries that have ceased to grow.

pp.4-5
This situation never lasts longer than 20 years, then there is a sudden crisis, usually signaled by some sort of panic. There follow 20 years of stagnation, during which the new, emerging technologies cannot generate enough jobs to make the economy itself grow again--and no one, least of all government, can do much about this.*

   *Kondratjeff's long-wave cycle was popularized in the West by the Austro-American economist Joseph Schumpeter, in his monumental look Business Cycles (1939). Kondratieff's best known, most serious, and most important disciple today--and also the most serious and most knowledgeable of the prophets of “long-term stagnation”--is the MIT scientist Jay Forrester.

p.5
   The industries that fueled the long economic expansion after World War II--automobiles, steel, rubber, electrical apparatus, consumer electronics, telephone, but also petroleum†--perfectly fit the Kondratieff cycle.

   † Which, contrary to common belief, was the first one to start declining. In fact, petroleum ceased to be a growth industry around 1950. Since then the incremental unit of petroleum needed for an additional unit of output, whether in manufacturing, in transportation, or in heating and air conditioning, has been falling--slowly at first but rapidly since 1973.   
   (Peter F. Drucker, Innovation and entrepreneurship : practice and principles, Claremont, California, Christmas 1984, )
   ____________________________________

Theodore Modis., Prediction : society's telltale signature reveals the past and forecasts the future, 1992.

p.148
  The resulting graph, Figure 8.1, presents a picture of regular oscillations.  It is so regular that a harmonic waves ── a sinusoidal ── with a fifty-six-year (56-year) time period can be made to pass very closely to most points.

p.149
  This periodicity in energy consumption was first observed by Hugh B. Stewart.1  On several occasion before and after Stewart, economists and others have pointed out many human activities that oscillate within a period of fifty [50] to sixty [60] years.2

p.156
[the existence of economic cycles]
A more contemporary scholar, Joseph A. Schumpeter, tried to explain the existence of economic cycles by attributing growth to the fact that major technological innovations come in clusters.10
An extended list of references on long economic waves can be found in an article by R. Ayres.11

p.156
N. D. Kondratieff
1926
  From economic indicators alone Kondratieff deduced an economic cycle with a period of about fifty [50] years.  His work was promptly challenged.  Critics doubted both the existence of Kondratieff's cycle and the causal explanation suggested by Schumpeter.  The postulation ended up being largely ignored by contemporary economists for a variety of reasons.  In the final analysis, however, the most significant reason for this rejection may have been the boldness of the conclusions drawn from such ambiguous and imprecise data as monetary and financial indicators.

p.156
indicators, like price
inflation and currency fluctuations
monetary indicators

[[ According to Theodore Modis account about Kondratieff economic cycle (also refer to as: Kondratieff's cycle), 1926, N. D. Kondratieff deduced from indictors like price, inflation, currency flutuations, and other monetary indictors that there is a periodic economic cycle of about fifty [50] years.    
     Theodore Modis., Prediction : society's telltale signature reveals the past and forecasts the future, 1992., p.156 ]]

p.156
  Concerning cycles with a period of fifty-six years I have cited examples in this chapter that are based on physical quantities.  Energy consumptions, the use of machines, the discovery of stable elements, the succession of primary energy sources and basic innovations have all been reported in their appropriate units and not in relation to their prices.  The cycles obtained this way are more trustworthy than Kondratieff's economic cycle.  In fact, in the case of energy sources, prices indeed folowed the same cycle by flaring up at the end of each boom.

p.156
fifty-six-year economic cycle

p.169
  We then compared these natural-growth curves to the fifty-six-year {56-year} cycle of energy consumption, which coincides with the economic cycle.  We observed a remarkable correlation between the time these growth curves approach their ceiling and the valleys of the economic cycle.

p.169
recession coincides with saturation of these technologies.
p.170
saturation coincides with economic recession.

p.176
Nakicenovic on the U.K. Wholesale Price Index documented since the sixteenth (16th) century.
p.177
A periodic oscillation recorded over five centuries (500 years)
Figure 9.4
The U.K. Wholesale Price Index smoothed over a rolling 25-year period with respect to a 50-year moving average.  This procedure washes out small fluctuations and reveals a wave.  The periodicity turns out to be 55.5 years.*

p.224
  Once growth is complete, the level reached reflects an equilibrium.  Its signature becomes an invariant or constant that, despite erratic fluctuations,

  (Prediction : society's telltale signature reveals the past and forecasts the future / Theodore Modis.,  1. forecasting., 2. creation (literary, artistic, etc.), 3. science and civilization.,  CB 158.M63, 303.49--dc20, 1992, )
   ____________________________________

Theodore Modis., Prediction : society's telltale signature reveals the past and forecasts the future, 1992.

p.156
fifty-six-year economic cycle

pp.156-157
Ever since I became aware of the fifty-six-year {56-year} economic cycle, my concern was not whether a Wall Street crash was around the corner but rather what must one do when faced with an immiment stock market crash.  My calculations suggested a crash around 1985, and the minimum precaution to take was stay away from the stock market.
p.157
  And so I did.  Month after month I resisted the temptation to buy stocks.   Colleagues at work would get excited about the bullish market.  Favorable terms were offered to buy the company stock.  People around me watched their money grow daily.  I kept quiet, hoping to be vindicated by the eventual crash ── but nothing came.  Months went by and the market was still growing.  Years when by!  Well into 1987 my colleagues had all gotten richer while I was feeling rather sour.
p.157
   I broke down.  It was fall, the leaves were changing color, and I was going to the mountains for the weekend with a friend.  I had had enough of holding back.  I wanted to be like the others.  Friday afternoon I called my bank with an order to buy.  I left for the weekend with a feeling that I had finally escaped inaction.  I had at last done something, something I would look forward to on Monday.
p.157
   Over the weekend I enjoyed extraordinary scenery, good weather, reasonable food, and friendship.  But there were more important things waiting for me back at work.  Monday, October 19, 1987, the stock market crashed.  I was crushed.  The amount of money I had lost was not so important, but the pain was excruciating.  At the same time, on another level, my beliefs had been reinforced.  
p.157
The system had behaved according to the plan, was if it had a program, a will, and a clock.  I had access to this knowledge early enough.  My error was due to human weakness; I had not been scientific.  The clock was rather precise, but I should have allowed for an uncertainty of a few percent.  
p.157
  At any rate the crash was over and the stock market largely recovered in a few years.
p.157
But what remained the same was our general position in the long economic cycle:  the recession years.  
p.157
The flares in energy prices in Figure 8.3 can be seen as banners indicating the beginning of an economic downtrend, the end of which we have not yet reached.  We will have to wait until 1996 before the growth trend turns around.
pp.156-157
1985
Monday, October 19, 1987   U.S. stock market crash (U.S.)
1996

  (Prediction : society's telltale signature reveals the past and forecasts the future / Theodore Modis.,  1. forecasting., 2. creation (literary, artistic, etc.)., 3. science and civilization.,  CB 158.M63, 303.49--dc20, 1992, )
   ____________________________________

Theodore Modis., Prediction : society's telltale signature reveals the past and forecasts the future, 1992.

p.158
affluence, decadence, alcoholism
cirrhosis of the liver
Its peaks coincide with periods of maximum prosperity,

  (Prediction : society's telltale signature reveals the past and forecasts the future / Theodore Modis.,  1. forecasting., 2. creation (literary, artistic, etc.)., 3. science and civilization.,  CB 158.M63, 303.49--dc20, 1992, )
   ____________________________________

Theodore Modis., Prediction : society's telltale signature reveals the past and forecasts the future, 1992.

p.174, p.176
p.174
I was showing my observation of cyclical human behavior to Michael Royston
Michael Royston, teaching environmental sciences in the International Management Institute of Geneva
unpublished paper, written in 1982, he talked about the same fifty-six-year cycle but from another angle.5
pp.174-175
  Royston's thesis: life progresses in spirals and that long-term growth follows a spiral which passes successively through four phases:
discharge,
relaxation,
charge, and
tension,
after which it returns to the starting point, but enriched with new knowledge, experience, and strength.
p.175
Figure 9.3  The Royston spiral.
Life Seen as a spiral
discharge: boom,
relaxation: recession,
charge: new order, new technology
tension: growth
p.176
floating compass (1324),
invention of gun powder and gun making (1380),
the invention of the printing press (1436),
the discovery of America (1492),
the beginning of the Reformation (Luther and Calvin, 1548),
the defeat of the Spanish and the rise of the Dutch (1604),
the arrival on France's throne of Louis XIV (1660),
the rise of the English Empire (1715), and
the American War of Independence (1772).
p.176
  The fifty-six-year periods that followed these events saw successive transfer of powers,
from the French to the British with the end of the Napoleonic era (1828-1884),
from the British to the Germans with the new technologies of chemicals, automobiles, airplanes, and electronic power (1884-1940), and
from the Germans to the Americans with such new technologies as plastics, transistors, antibiotics, organic pesticides, jet engines, and nuclear power (1940-1996).

  (Prediction : society's telltale signature reveals the past and forecasts the future / Theodore Modis.,  1. forecasting., 2. creation (literary, artistic, etc.)., 3. science and civilization.,  CB 158.M63, 303.49--dc20, 1992, )
   ____________________________________
<------------------------------------------------------------------------>

James Gleick., The information : a history, a theory, a flood, 2011
pp.332-333
This is what science always seeks:  a simple theory that accounts for a large set of facts and allows for prediction of events still to come.

   (The information : a history, a theory, a flood / James Gleick., 1. information science--history., 2. information society., Z665.G547  2011, 020.9--dc22, 2011,  )
<------------------------------------------------------------------------>

Kevin Kelly, out of control, 1994

p.368
In an expectation game, accurate predictions offer no opportunity for money-making if everyone shares the prediction.

([ In term of predict ability, within a given condition and situation, there are pockets of predict ability going forward to about 1 week, using data from the present and the past.  Beyond one week, things become fuzzy.  Prediction should be kept private, whether they turn out to be true or not.  After a period of time, it should not matter so much to reveal the prediction if (overtaken by events - OBE).  However a public revelation could served as data point for whose who are engaging in the forecasting activity.  Should there be active information manipulation - disinformation, misinformation, deception - and/or active [travel method] modification - like delay, traffic jam, accidents, lockdown, sickness [like pneumonia] - then predict ability becomes less reliable.  Because the active operation creates signal that would not have been there if there was no operation.  The additional signal would influence the prediction - how much is unclear - it depends on the type of signal. ])

   (Kevin Kelly, out of control, 1994, filename: ooc-mf.pdf  )
   ____________________________________

[[ I am unsure as to why the following TEXT is put here ]]
[[ my best guess is that there is a pattern to heavy travel schedule (which inevitably disrupt your body internal clock, biorhythm, and ...), the inability to get adequate rest (constantly changing the place and the time you are going to bed), not enough nutritional support, negative stress, and inability and lack prioritization to manage all these stressors (routine stretching, yoga, tai chi, and walking) (for example, it was said that Conndelisa Rice always requested that a treadmill be put into her suit, so that she can get enough walking exercise, and for convenience) that could lead to getting sickness, like pneumonia, from the air?  and distressed immune system ]]
[[ how is this related to Kondratieff economic cycle?  none at all, actually.  Kondratieff is not an economic indicator.  The activities in the economy,  humanity demographic, human activities (action and mental model) and their life stage collectively determine the Kondratieff cycle (the curve, the peak, the trough, the downward trend, the recovery).  ]]
[[ According to Theodore Modis account about Kondratieff economic cycle (also refer to as: Kondratieff's cycle), 1926, N. D. Kondratieff deduced from indictors like price, inflation, currency flutuations, and other monetary indictors that there is a periodic economic cycle of about fifty [50] years.    
     Theodore Modis., Prediction : society's telltale signature reveals the past and forecasts the future, 1992., p.156 ]]
[[ How is Kondratieff economic cycle (also refer to as: Kondratieff's cycle) related to travel, schedule, and sickness [specifically pneumonia]?    ]]

travelled, schedule, sickness [pneumonia]
p.40
in the summer of 1956, he and Loftus travelled to Alaska and Japan to visit strategic warning sites and local COMINT intercept and analysis sites.
In September returned to Europe for a long visit ── traveling across western Europe through the winter to various COMINT locations.
He developed pneumonia in Paris and was forced to delay his return until February 1957.125

source:
John Schutte, ‘Andrew W. Marshall and the Epistemic Community of the Cold War’, 2015, http://www.au.af.mil/au/aupress/digital/pdf/paper/dp_0016_schutte_casting_net_assessment.pdf

dp_0016_schutte_casting_net_assessment.pdf

Schutte, John M., 1976
  Casting net assessment : Andrew W. Marshall and the epistemic community of the cold war / John M. Schutte, Lieutenant Colonel, USAF.
1. Marshall, Andrew W., 1921─ 2. United States. department of defense. director of net assessment ── biography. 3. united states. department of defense ── officials and employees ── biography. 4. rand corporation ── biography. 5. united states ── forecasting. 6. military planning ── united states ── history ── 20th century. 7. military planning ── united states ── history ── 21st century. 8. united states ── military policy. 9. strategy. 10. cold war.
title: Andrew W. Marshall and the epistemic community of the cold war.

UA23.6.S43 2014
355.0092 -- dc23
  ·‘’•─“”
<------------------------------------------------------------------------>
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Monday, December 2, 2024

Anekantavada

 
The second main principle of Jainism is anekāntavāda,[76][77] from anekānta ("many-sidedness") and vada ("doctrine").[76][77]  The doctrine states that truth and reality are complex and always have multiple aspects.  It further states that reality can be experienced, but cannot be fully expressed with language. It suggests that human attempts to communicate are Naya, "partial expression of the truth".[76] According to it, one can experience the taste of truth, but cannot fully express that taste through language.  It holds that attempts to express experience are syāt, or valid "in some respect", but remain "perhaps, just one perspective, incomplete".[78] 

source:
        en.wikipedia.org
        Jainism 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sy%C4%81dv%C4%81da
These seven propositions also known as saptabhangi are:[53]
    syād-asti       – "in some ways it is"
    syād-nāsti      - "in some ways it is not"
    syād-asti-nāsti - "in some ways it is and it is not"
    syād-asti-avaktavyaḥ  - "in some ways it is and it is indescribable"
    syād-nāsti-avaktavyaḥ - "in some ways it is not and it is indescribable"
    syād-asti-nāsti-avaktavyaḥ - "in some ways it is, it is not and it is indescribable"
    syād-avaktavyaḥ            - "in some ways it is indescribable"
   ____________________________________

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anekantavada

Syādvāda is a theory of qualified predication, states Koller. It states that all knowledge claims must be qualified in many ways, because reality is many-sided.[4] It is done so systematically in later Jain texts through saptibhaṅgīnaya or "the theory of sevenfold scheme".[4] These saptibhaṅgī seem to have been first formulated in Jainism by the 5th or 6th century CE Svetambara scholar Mallavadin,[31] and they are:[30][32][33]

  1. Affirmation: syād-asti—in some ways, it is,
  2. Denial: syān-nāsti—in some ways, it is not,
  3. Joint but successive affirmation and denial: 
        syād-asti-nāsti—
        in some ways, it is, and it is not,
  4. Joint and simultaneous affirmation and denial: 
        syāt-asti-avaktavyaḥ—
        in some ways, it is, and it is indescribable,
  5. Joint and simultaneous affirmation and denial: 
        syān-nāsti-avaktavyaḥ—
        in some ways, it is not, and it is indescribable,
  6. Joint and simultaneous affirmation and denial: 
        syād-asti-nāsti-avaktavyaḥ—
        in some ways, it is, it is not, and it is indescribable,
  7. Joint and simultaneous affirmation and denial: 
        syād-avaktavyaḥ—
        in some ways, it is indescribable.
   ────────────────────────────────────
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaina_seven-valued_logic

The Saptabhangivada, the seven predicate theory may be summarized as follows:[4]

The seven predicate theory consists in the use of seven claims about sentences, each preceded by "arguably" or "conditionally" (syat), concerning a single object and its particular properties, composed of assertions and denials, either simultaneously or successively, and without contradiction. These seven claims are the following.

  1. Arguably, it (that is, some object) exists (syad asty eva).
  2. Arguably, it does not exist (syan nasty eva).
  3. Arguably, it exists; arguably, it doesn't exist (syad asty eva syan nasty eva).
  4. Arguably, it is non-assertible (syad avaktavyam eva).
  5. Arguably, it exists; arguably, it is non-assertible (syad asty eva syad avaktavyam eva).
  6. Arguably, it doesn't exist; arguably, it is non-assertible (syan nasty eva syad avaktavyam eva).
  7. Arguably, it exists; arguably, it doesn't exist; arguably it is non-assertible (syad asty eva syan nasty eva syad avaktavyam eva).

There are three basic truth values, namely, true (t), false (f) and unassertible (u). 
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ba place space

  Bernie Clark., From the Gita to the Grail : exploring yoga stories & western myths, 2014 p.345      ... literal definition of dukkha: ...